Seguimiento a los egresados de la Maestría en Nutrición Humana / Follow-up of the graduates of the Master´s degree in Human Nutrition

Introducción: Diferentes estudios de seguimiento de egresados hablan del valor de obtener información sobre las actividades profesionales que ejercen y determinar el impacto de la formación recibida y la percepción de la misma. Objetivos: Determinar el desempeño de los egresados de la Maestría en Nutrición Humana FCM- UNA de las promociones del 2007 al 2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de diseño observacional con enfoque cuantitativo que obtuvo la participación de 83 de los 91 egresados que completaron la encuesta enviada a través del Formulario Google. Resultados: Entre los más resaltantes se tiene que las egresadas entre los encuestados sobresalen las mujeres (90,4 %). El área laboral ejercida; mayor cantidad en el área clínica (61,4 %), consultorio (24,1 %), salud pública en un 6%. El 55,4 % respondió que tuvo más oportunidades laborales; solo el 28,9 % realiza tutoría de tesis. El 79,1 % ha mejorado sus actividades docentes o asistenciales y el 55,4 % ha respondido que no desempeña actividad docente. El 71,1 % ha colaborado en trabajos de investigación siendo magister, en área clínica (47%), en Salud Pública (14,5 %), en área de alimentación, (6%), otros (3.6%); el 64,9 % no ha publicado el trabajo de investigación de la maestría realizada. El 95,2 % no ha hecho aún el Doctorado en Nutrición y al 89,2 % le gustaría hacerlo. Un 87,9 % califica la Maestría de Nutrición Humana FCM-UNA de Excelente o Muy Bueno. Conclusión: Se identifica una mayor cantidad de egresadas mujeres, en cuanto al campo laboral de desempeño, existe una mayor cantidad en el área clínica, más de la mitad de los egresados ha participado en un trabajo de investigación siendo magister en el área clínica, la tesis de maestría no ha sido publicada por la mayoría. Casi el total no ha realizado un Doctorado en Nutrición. Se presenta por primera vez, a nivel nacional, un estudio sobre el desarrollo profesional de los egresados de la Maestría en Nutrición Humana que podría ser útil para futuros trabajos de investigación y toma de decisiones en formación continua.

Introduction: Different graduate follow -up studies speak of the value of obtaining information about the professional activities they exercise and determining the impact of the training received and the perception of the same. Objectives: Determine the performance of graduates of the Master in Human Nutrition FCM One of the promotions from 2007 to 2020. Materials and methods: Descriptive study with observational design and quantitative approach that obtained the participation of 83 of the 91 graduates who completed the survey sent through the Google form. Results: Graduates women (90.4 %). The work area exercised; greater amount in the clinical area (61.4 %), office (24.1 %), public health at 6 %. 55.4 % replied that they had more work chances, only 28.9 % perform thesis tutoring. 79.1 % have improved their teaching or care activities and 55.4 % have responded that they do not perform teaching activity. 71.1%have collaborated in research papers being Master, in clinical area (47%), in public health (14.5%), in food area, (6%), others (3.6%); 64.9 % have not published the research work of the master's degree. 95.2 % have not yet done the doctorate in nutrition and at 89.2 % they would like to do it. 87.9 % describe the mastery of human nutrition FCM an excellent or very good one. Conclusion: A greater number of women graduates is identified, in terms of the performance field, there is a greater amount in the clinical area, more than half of the graduates have participated in a research work being a magister in the clinical area, the work of Master's research has not been published by the majority. Almost the total has not done a doctorate in nutrition. It is presented for the first time, at the national level, a study on the professional development of graduates of the Master in Human Nutrition that could be useful for future research works.

A Produção do Cuidado em um Contexto Formativo com Visitadoras do Programa Primeira Infância Melhor / The Production of Care in a Training Course Context with Visitors of the Programa Primeira Infância Melhor / La Producción de Cuidado en un Contexto de Formación con Visitadoras del Primeira Infância Melhor

A partir de uma experiência de encontros de formação com visitadoras do Programa Primeira Infância Melhor, este trabalho se propõe a refletir sobre a inserção da psicanálise nas políticas públicas. Foram utilizadas vinhetas dos encontros e de entrevistas individuais com as visitadoras para pensar na importância de espaços onde a circulação da palavra e, com ela, ressignificações sobre o trabalho realizado nos territórios, seja possível. Ganham destaque três elementos que se articulam e produzem reverberações no contexto de trabalho com o Primeira Infância Melhor: as bases legais e normativas da política pública, as famílias e crianças visitadas e o sujeito-visitador. Pensa-se que esses três aspectos, quando trazidos à tona pelo processo de enunciação em um espaço de formação, geram a circulação de lugares e posições discursivas. Tais movimentações, por sua vez, contribuem para a sustentação de uma prática pautada na produção de cuidado no contexto das políticas públicas de saúde.

Based on the experience of training meetings with visitors of the Programa Primeira Infância Melhor (Better Early Childhood Program), this work aims to discuss the presence of psychoanalysis on public policies. Small excerpts from the meetings and personal interviews with the visitors have been taken to think about the importance of spaces where the circulation of the word take place, as well as to reframe the work done in the territories. We highlight here three elements that articulate and echo the context of work at Programa Primeira Infância Melhor: the legal and normative basis of public policy, the families and children visited, and the subject-visitor. We believe that these three aspects when brought to light by the process of enunciation in a training space build up the circulation of places and discursive positions. Therefore, such movements lead towards keeping a practice guided by the production of care in the context of public health policies.

Este trabajo se propone pensar a respecto de la inserción del psicoanálisis en las políticas públicas a partir de una experiencia de encuentros de formación con visitadoras del Programa Primeira Infância Melhor. Utilizamos fragmentos de reuniones y entrevistas individuales con las visitadoras para pensar sobre la importancia de espacios de circulación de palabras y, a partir de ella, posibilidades de resignificar el trabajo realizado en los territorios. Se destaca la articulación de tres elementos que producen reverberaciones en el contexto de trabajo en el Primeira Infância Melhor: las bases legales y normativas de las políticas públicas, las familias y los niños visitados, y el sujeto-visitador. Pensamos que los tres aspectos, cuando son planteados por el proceso de enunciación en un espacio de formación, generan una circulación de lugares y posiciones discursivas. Estos movimientos, por su turno, contribuyen para sostener una práctica pautada en la producción de cuidado en el contexto de las políticas públicas de salud.

Research Progress of High-intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome / 中国医学科学院学报

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS),with increasing mortality year by year,has become a major public health problem in China.Exercise rehabilitation as an important part of the out-of-hospital rehabilitation for the patients with heart diseases can further reduce the mortality of patients on the basis of drug treatment.The available studies have proved that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is more effective and efficient than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) such as walking and jogging on chronic cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure,stable coronary heart disease,and hypertension and has high security.According to the latest research,HIIT can reduce the platelet response,mitigate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and increase the exercise compliance of ACS patients more significantly than MICT.Moreover,it does not increase the risk of thrombotic adverse events or malignant arrhythmia.Therefore,HIIT is expected to become an important part of exercise prescription in out-of-hospital cardiac rehabilitation strategy for the patients with ACS.

Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate continuous aerobic exercise after a percutaneous coronary intervention / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of high-intensity interval training and moderate continuous aerobic training on patients classified as low risk for exercise rehabilitation after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 43 patients considered low-risk after a PCI were randomly divided into a high-intensity interval training group (HIIT group, 22 cases) and a moderate continuous aerobic training group (MCT group, 21 cases). The HIIT group received high-intensity, but aerobic interval training involving 8 rounds of 3 minutes of high-intensity exercise with 2-minute intervals at 80% of peak power over 40 minutes, 3 times a week. The MCT group trained continuously at 60% of peak power for the same duration. After 12 weeks both groups were given an ultrasound examination and a cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess their cardiac functioning and exercise endurance. The subjects′ life quality was evaluated and compared using some items from the SF-36 scale.Results:Before the training, no significant differences were observed in the average left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, peak power, peak oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, physiological functioning, physical pain, general health or social functioning between the two groups. After the training significant improvement in all these indicators was observed in both groups, but compared with MCT group, the average left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, peak power and peak oxygen uptake of the HIIT group were significantly better.Conclusions:High-intensity, aerobic interval training is superior to moderate but continuous aerobic training for improving the cardiac functioning and exercise endurance of patients suitable for exercise rehabilitation after a PCI. But there is no significant difference in their effect on the short-term quality of life.

Formación del docente de Enfermería en metodologías activas de aprendizajes: ¿Es necesario en los saberes? / Nursing teacher training in active learning methodologies: ¿Is it necessary for knowledge?

Introducción: La formación del docente de Enfermería tiene ante sí el reto de su profesionalización, en un mundo caracterizado por la globalización, un acelerado desarrollo de la ciencia, las tecnologías y complejos procesos de cambios que requieren de nuevas transformaciones del conocimiento; es una necesidad la actualización de saberes más avanzados en metodologías activas en el docente de enfermería como un proceso continuo y simultáneo para alcanzar multihabilidades y valores. Objetivo: Describir los aspectos fundamentales que conforman el proceso de formación del docente de Enfermería en metodologías activas de aprendizajes en las instituciones de educación superior. Material y Métodos: El presente estudio es de diseño descriptivo, con un análisis de la información de manera inductiva, se examinaron 76 textos en las bases de datos Scopus, Scielo, Eric, empleadas como fuentes de investigación. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se abordó el estudio con un total de 27 artículos. Conclusiones: Todas las profesiones, oficios se verán afectados de una manera u otra en esta crucial avanzada por lo que es imprescindible el papel de las instituciones de educación superior en la emergente implementación y enseñanza de las metodologías activas que hoy anhelan ser aplicadas de manera insoslayable en los diferentes saberes; la profesión y ciencia de Enfermería no está exenta de ello; lo que busca un proceso transformador de profesionales competentes hacia una sociedad laboral competitiva(AU)

Introduction: Nursing teacher training is a professional challenge in a world characterized by globalization, accelerated development of science and technologies and complex processes of change that require new transformations of knowledge; an updating of the most advanced knowledge in active methodologies for nursing professors as a continuous and simultaneous process to promote multi-abilities and values is a must. Objective: To describe the main aspects that make up the Nursing teacher training process in active learning methodologies in higher education centers. Material and Methods: Descriptive study with an inductive content analysis. A total of 76 bibliographies were examined in the Scopus, Scielo, and Eric databases, which were used as research sources. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study was approached with a total of 27 articles. Conclusions: All professions and experiences will be affected in one way or another in this crucial advance, so the role of higher education centers is essential in the emerging implementation and teaching of active methodologies that today yearn to be applied in an unavoidable way in the different fields of knowledge. The profession and Nursing science is not exempt from this trend and looks for a transforming process of competent professionals towards a competitive society of labor(AU)

Efectos del entrenamiento por intervalos vs entrenamiento continuo sobre capacidad aeróbica en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias / Effects of interval training vs of interval training vs continuous training on aerobic capacity in patients with coronary artery disease

Resumen El objetivo de esta revisión fue comparar la influencia del entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) con el entrenamiento continuo de moderada intensidad (MICT) sobre la capacidad aeróbica y otras variables relevantes en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC). Realizamos una revisión de estudios sistemáticos y metaanálisis en PubMed hasta el 04 de junio de 2019. Se identificaron un total de 22 artículos, de los cuales 6 se seleccionaron finalmente para esta revisión. La calidad metodológica se evaluó utilizando la herramienta 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2). Todos los estudios analizaron los efectos del HIIT y MICT en pacientes adultos (rango edad media: 52-76 años). La calidad general de los estudios incluidos fue moderada-alta (AMSTAR-2). El HIIT presentó mayores mejorías sobre el consumo de oxígeno pico y la frecuencia cardíaca pico en comparación al MICT. Esta revisión agrega evidencia adicional que el HIIT presenta mejoras clínicamente significativas sobre la capacidad aeróbica en comparación al MICT. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan establecer conclusiones consistentes de los efectos del HIIT y MICT sobre otras variables relevantes.

Abstract The aim of this review was to compare the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on aerobic capacity and other relevant variables in patients with coronary artery disease (EAC). We reviewed the systematic studies and meta-analysis in PubMed up to June 4th, 2019. A total of 22 articles were identified, of which 6 were selected for this review. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. The studies selected analyzed HIIT and MICT effects in adult patients (average ages ranging between 52-76). The overall quality of the included studies was moderate-high (AMSTAR-2). HIIT showed greater improvements over peak oxygen consumption and peak heart rate compared to MICT. This review adds further evidence that HIIT presents clinically significant improvements in aerobic capacity compared to MICT. Further studies are needed to establish consistent conclusions about the effects of HIIT and MICT on other relevant variables.

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão foi comparar a influência do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) com o treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada (MICT) na capacidade aeróbica e em outras variáveis relevantes em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Realizamos uma revisão de estudos sistemáticos e metanálise no PubMed até 4 de junho de 2019. Foram identificados 22 artigos, dos quais 6 foram finalmente selecionados para esta revisão. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada usando a ferramenta 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2). Todos os estudos analisaram os efeitos de HIIT e MICT em pacientes adultos (faixa etária: 52-76 anos). A qualidade geral dos estudos incluídos foi moderadamente alta (AMSTAR-2). O HIIT mostrou uma maior melhora no pico de consumo de oxigênio e no pico de frequência cardíaca em comparação com o MICT. Esta revisão aporta evidências de que o HIIT apresenta melhorias clinicamente significativas na capacidade aeróbica em comparação com o MICT. Mais estudos são necessários para estabelecer conclusões consistentes dos efeitos do HIIT e MICT em outras variáveis relevantes.

Advance in High-intensity Interval Training for Acute Myocardial Infarction post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

For the low-risk or stable patients with acute myocardial infarction post percutaneous coronary intervention, compared with moderate-intensity continuous training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can better enhance aerobic capacity and protect the cardiovascular system by significantly lowering the inflammatory response, improving endothelial function as well as reversing the progress of ventricular remodeling. HIIT is safety and the patients are more compliant. However, further research is needed on the application of high-risk patients. The standard protocol of HIIT according to the risk stratification also requires further discussion.

A formação contínua no desenvolvimento de competências do professor de enfermagem / La formación continua en el desarrollo de competencias del profesor de enfermería / Ongoing training in the development of nursing teacher skills

Resumo OBJETIVO Conhecer a importância atribuída à formação contínua no desenvolvimento de competências do professor. MÉTODO Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, envolvendo quinze (15) professores de carreira, da área científica de enfermagem, de duas instituições públicas de ensino superior em Portugal, selecionados intencionalmente. Os dados foram recolhidos utilizando a técnica dos grupos de discussão e foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Este processo foi submetido à avaliação de dois peritos, resultando coeficientes de concordância, que oferecem garantias em relação às inferências e processo de categorização. RESULTADOS Emergiu o desenvolvimento profissional do professor (categoria), envolvendo dois indicadores: a aprendizagem e conhecimento profissional e o desenvolvimento de competências. CONCLUSÕES Os dados obtidos permitem colocar em evidência que a formação contínua é determinante no desenvolvimento profissional destes professores, pela aprendizagem e conhecimento profissional e no desenvolvimento de competências.

Resumen OBJETIVO Conocer la importancia atribuida a la formación continua, en el desarrollo de la competencia formativa del docente. METODOLOGÍA Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, con una muestra de quince (15) profesores de carrera en el área de enfermería, de dos instituciones públicas de enseñanza superior en Portugal, escogidos intencionalmente. Se recolectaron los datos a través de la técnica de grupos de discusión y se analizaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Este proceso se sometió a una validación de dos expertos, obteniéndose coeficientes de concordancia que proporcionan garantías sobre las inferencias y sobre el proceso de categorización. RESULTADOS Se hizo patente que el desarrollo profesional del profesor (categoría), comprende dos indicadores: el aprendizaje y conocimiento profesional, y el desarrollo de competencias. CONCLUSIONES Los datos obtenidos indican que la formación continua es determinante en el desarrollo profesional de estos profesores, por el aprendizaje y conocimiento profesional y por el desarrollo de competencias.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To acknowledge the importance given to continuous training in the development of professor skills. METHOD A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study involving fifteen (15) career professors, selected intentionally, from the scientific nursing area of two public higher education institutions in Portugal. Data were collected using the discussion groups technique and analyzed using the content analysis technique. This process was submitted to the evaluation of two experts, resulting in agreement coefficients, which offer guarantees regarding the inferences and the categorization process. RESULTS The professional development of the professor arose (category), involving two indicators: learning and the professional knowledge and skills development. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained shows that continuous training is determinant in the professional development of these professors, through learning and professional knowledge and in the development of skills.

VER-SUS project: Influences on the training and performance of nurses / Proyecto VER-SUS: Influencias en la formación y actuación del enfermeiro / Projeto VER-SUS: Influências na formação e atuação do enfermeiro

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the influences of the Vivências e Estágios na Realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde (Brazilian Unified Health System), in the training and performance of nurses. Method: A qualitative study was carried out with 14 nurses who participated in the VER-SUS project in Rio Grande do Sul State. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview technique. The data were analyzed, interpreted and discussed, through the technique of Content Analysis. Results: The categories "VER-SUS Influences on Nursing Training for SUS" and "VER-SUS Contributions for Nurses Performance in the SUS" were highlighted. Final considerations: It was possible to identify the influences of the VER-SUS project in the training and performance of the nursing professionals, pointing out the revision of the Pedagogical Projects of Course and the preparation of the teachers, as a way to carry out the training with emphasis in the Brazilian Unified Health System.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Análisis de las influencias de las vivencias y pasantías en la Realidad del Sistema Único de Salud, en la formación y actuación de los enfermeros. Método: Estudio cualitativo, desarrollado con 14 enfermeros que, durante su graduación, participaron del proyecto VER-SUS en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. La recolección de los datos ocurrió por medio de la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados, interpretados y discutidos, por medio de la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: Se destacaron las categorías "Influencias del VER-SUS en la formación del enfermero para el SUS", "Influencias del VER-SUS en la formación del enfermero para el SUS" y "Contribuciones del VER-SUS para la actuación del enfermero en el SUS". Consideraciónes finales: Fue posible identificar las influencias del proyecto VER-SUS en la formación y actuación de los profesionales enfermeros, apuntando la revisión de los Proyectos Pedagógicos de Curso y la preparación de los docentes, como un camino para efectivizar la formación con énfasis en el Sistema Único de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as influências das Vivências e Estágios na Realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde, na formação e atuação dos enfermeiros. Método: Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com 14 enfermeiros que durante sua graduação, participaram do projeto VER-SUS no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio da técnica de entrevista semi-estruturada. Os dados foram analisados, interpretados e discutidos, por meio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: Destacaram-se as categorias "Influências do VER-SUS na formação do enfermeiro para o SUS" e "Contribuições do VER-SUS para a atuação do enfermeiro no SUS". Considerações finais: Foi possível identificar que o projeto teve influências na formação e atuação dos profissionais enfermeiros. A revisão dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso e o preparo dos docentes, é indicado como um caminho para efetivar a formação com ênfase no Sistema único de Saúde.

Effects of High-Intensity Intermittent Training and FATmax Intensity Continuous Training on Body Composition of Female College Students / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of 10-week high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT) and maximum fat oxidation (FATmax)intensity training on body composition of female college students,and explore the difference between the 2 training types.Methods Thirty female college students were divided into an HIIT,an FATmax intensity training(FATmax)and a control(CON)group,each of 10.The HIIT and FATmax groups completed a 10-week high-intensity intermittent training and FATmax intensity continuous training with 90％ VO2 max and FATmax intensity respectively,while the CON group maintained the daily habitual behavior.The body weight,waist circumference,hip circumference and skinfold thickness of the triceps,midaxillary,chest,subscapular,abdomen,suprailiac and thigh were measured before and after the intervention.The body composition was evaluated using the Jackson/ Pollock seven-point method.Results The body max index(BMI),waist circumference,hip circumference and waist-hip ratio(WHR)decreased significantly in HIIT and FATmax groups after the 10-week training(P＜0.05),whereas the waist circumference and WHR of the CON group increased(P＜0.05).The decline rate of BMI,waist circumference,hip circumference and WHR of FATmax and HIIT groups were higher than that of the CON(P＜0.01),but there was no difference between the FATmax and HIIT groups.We further noticed no change in the bodyweight and body composition of the CON group,while a significant decrease in the bodyweight,fat percentage and fat mass (P＜0.001),but a significant increase(P＜0.01)in the lean body mass was observed in the FATmax and HIIT groups after the training.Ten weeks of HIIT significantly decreased the fat percentage and fat mass of the exercise groups compared with CON group(P＜0.05),and the rate of fat loss and lean body mass gain of the HIIT group was significantly higher than the FATmax group(P＜0.05).Moreover,the exercise intervention significantly decreased the skinfold thickness of the FATmax and HIIT groups(P＜0.001),but no changes in the CON group.Before the training,there was no significant difference in skinfold thickness among the three groups.However,after the training,the skinfold thickness of the chest,midaxillary,abdomen,suprailiac and thigh of the HIIT group was lower than CON(P＜0.05),and skinfold thickness of abdomen in HIIT group was lower than FATmax group(P＜0.05).Moreover,the decline rate of the skinfold thickness in the midaxillary,suprailiac,subscapular and thigh of the HIIT group was higher than the FATmax group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both HITT and FATmax intensity continuous training of ten weeks sgnificantly improve the bodyweight,waist circumference,hip circumference and WHR without significant differences.Moreover,they both are effective in bettering the body composition and subcutaneous fat of female college students,with HITT superior to the FATmax intensity continuous training.

Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on the Activity of the Myocardial Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex of Rats / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To explore the heart function and activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex of rats with myocardial hypertrophy induced by the long-term high-intensity interval training(HIIT).Methods Ninety Wistar rats were randomly divided into an HIIT group,a moderate intensity continuous training(MICT) group and a rest control(RC) group,with each group allocated three subgroups according to the observation time(2,6 and 10 weeks),9 groups altogether(n=10 in each group).Each group was given intervention as their names implied.Then,the heart function was measured using the ultrasoundcardiogram,and the body weight as well as the weight of the heart was weighted.The myocardium mitochondria were extracted using the differential centrifugation after homoge nation to detect the activity of the myocardial and mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS),the activities of the respiratory chain complex C Ⅰ ～CⅣ as well as myocardial protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1 α),α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC),β-MHC,atrial natriuretic factor(ANF) and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP).Results The myocardial hypertrophy was found in HIIT and MICT groups after 1-week and 9-week intervention respectively.At the 2nd and 10th week,no significant differences were found in the heart function,respiratory chain complex activity and protein expression of all three groups(P＞0.05).At the 6th week,the left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular fractional shortening,myocardial α-MHC protein expression,and the activities of respiratory chain complex C Ⅰ,C Ⅲ and C Ⅳ of HIIT group were significantly lower while the myocardial β-MHC and BNP protein expression were significantly higher than those of RC and MICT groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Long-term HIIT but not MICT can induce temporarily pathological myocardial hypertrophy and reduced heart function in Wistar rats,and the mechanism might be related to the downregulation of the myocardial mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity.

Comparative Study of the Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Metabolic Phenotype in C57BL/6 Mice / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To examine the effect of high intensity interval training(HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training(MICT) on the body component,serum globular adiponectin and skeletal muscle autophagy in C57BL/6 mice.Methods Thirty-six four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the control group,MICT group and HIIT groups.The MICT group underwent 60 minutes' aerobic continuous treadmill training at 12 m/min(75％ VO2max) once a day,5 times/week for 6 weeks,while the HIIT group exercised for 1min at 20 m/min(85％ VO2max) followed by 1 min at 8 m/min (50％ VO2max) for alternating 12 cycles.The body weight,body mass index(BMI),total body water,fat mass and citrate synthase(CS) of the quadriceps femoris were measured using ImpediVET experimental animal body composition analyzer.Mice were sacrificed after the analysis,and the level of serum gAcrp30 was detected using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of pAMPK-Thr172,LC3II/I,Beclin1 and p62 protein in skeletal muscle tissues.Results After 6-week exercise,the body weight of MICT and HIIT mice decreased significantly compared with the sedentary control group.BMI and fat mass of the HIIT group were significantly lower than the control group,but there were no significant differences between the MICT and control groups in the above two measurements.The activity of CS and serum gAcrp30 in HIIT group was significantly higher than the control group.Moreover,the expression of pAMPK-Thr172,LC3II/I and Beclin1 increased significantly in the skeletal muscle after HIIT intervention while the expression of p62 decreased compared with the control group.Conclusion Compared with the MICT,HIIT has more significant effects to reduce body fat and BMI,and activate the autophagy of skeletal muscles.

La actividad física, el entrenamiento continuo e intervalo: una solución para la salud / The physical actvity, continuous and interval training: A solution for the health

Resumen El propósito de este documento fue reportar los beneficios de la actividad física, entrenamiento intervalo y entrenamiento continuo moderado en adultos sedentarios y físicamente activos. La actividad física involucra cualquier movimiento corporal que produce un aumento en el gasto energético en el metabolismo, mientras que el entrenamiento intervalo y entrenamiento continuo moderado puede ser utilizado para controlar el programa de cargas de entrenamiento (intensidad, volumen y pausa). Los beneficios que se han reportado cuando se realiza actividad física son: el incremento o mantenimiento de la condición física muscular, funciones cognitivas, cardiorespiratoria, equilibrio, peso corporal, control de la obesidad; todos ellos disminuyen los riesgos de enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfernedades crónicorrespiratorias, diabetes, presión alterial alta, sindrome metabolico, cáncer de colon, depresión y todas las causas de mortalidad. En contraste, la falta de actividad fisica ha ha sido identificada como factor de riesgo y está asociada a diversas enfemedades no transmisibles a nivel mundial. En este documento puntualizamos dos tipos de entrenamiento que han tenido aplicaciones para la salud en adultos. Este trabajo podría ayudar a promover la salud calidad de vida de la población adulta y eliminar el sedentarismo mediante la prescripción de la actividad física para la salud.

Abstract The purpose of this paper was report the benefit of the physical activity, interval training and moderate continuous training in sedentary and physically active adults. The physycal activity involve whatever bodily movement that produce a increased in the metabolic energetic expenditure. While that the interval training and moderate continuous training can be used for the training load schedule (intensity, volume and rest). While that the interval training and moderate continuous training can be used for the load training charge (intensity, volume and rest). The benefit that have been reported is the increasing or maintaining muscle fitness, cognitive and cardio- respiratory function, balance, body weight, obesity control, all reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cáncer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, colon cancer, depression, and all causes of mortality. In contrast, the lack of physycal activity had been identified as risk factor and associated with various non comunicable diseases worldwide. In this paper, we point two types of training that had aplications for health in adults. This document could help to promote health, quality of live of the adult population and eliminate the physical inactivity by prescripcion of physical activity for the health.

Efecto de la asistencia técnica en el desempeño profesional

La presente investigación tuvo la finalidad de identificar las ventajas de la asistencia técnica en los procesos de formación continua y sus efectos en el desempeño de profesionales de salud que atienden a niños y niñas menores de 3 años en el Control de Crecimiento y Desarrollo (CRED). La investigación evidenció que al incorporar la variable Asistencia Técnica (AT), los programas de formación continua son más eficientes, es decir, cuando se fortalecen capacidades en el campo de la acción profesional. El diseño del estudio fue cuantitativo, según su profundidad es explicativo de tipo cuasiexperimental, orientado a identificar la relación de causalidad o efecto de la asistencia técnica en el desempeño profesional, comparando un grupo experimental y un grupo control. Los resultados generales muestran diferencias significativas, el grupo experimental, alcanzó una media del 51.67, mientras que el grupo control solo llegó a 26.53, aplicando la prueba no paramétrica U Mann Whitney: p≤.01. Si bien la formación continua genera avances en ambos grupos, al incorporar la variable AT se evidencia un salto significativo respecto al grupo control, concluyendo que la asistencia técnica mejora el desempeño del personal de salud que atienden en el Control de CRED, fortaleciendo e incrementando sus capacidades.

The purpose of this research was to identify the advantages of technical assistance in continuous training processes and its effects on the performance of health professionals who care for children under 3 years of age in the Growth and Development Control (CRED). The research showed that by incorporating the Technical Assistance (TA) variable, continuous training programs are more efficient, that is, when capacities are strengthened in the field of professional action. The study design was quantitative, according to its depth it is explanatory of a quasi-experimental type, aimed at identifying the causal relationship or effect of technical assistance on professional performance, comparing an experimental group and a control group. The general results show significant differences, the experimental group, reaching an average of 51.67, while the control group only reached 26.53, applying the non-parametric Mann Whitney U test: p≤.01. Although continuous training generates progress in both groups, when incorporating the AT variable, a significant jump is evidenced compared to the control group, concluding that technical assistance improves the performance of the health personnel who attend to the CRED Control, strengthening and increasing their capabilities.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as vantagens da assistência técnica nos processos de formação contínua e seus reflexos na atuação dos profissionais de saúde que cuidam de crianças menores de 3 anos no Controle de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento (CRED). A pesquisa mostrou que, ao incorporar a variável Assistência Técnica (AT), os programas de formação contínua são mais eficientes, isto é, quando se fortalecem as capacidades no campo da atuação profissional. O delineamento do estudo foi quantitativo, pois pela sua profundidade é explicativo do tipo quase experimental, visando identificar a relação causal ou efeito da assistência técnica no desempenho profissional, comparando um grupo experimental e um grupo controle. Os resultados gerais mostram diferenças significativas, o grupo experimental, atingindo a média de 51,67, enquanto o grupo controle atingiu apenas 26,53, aplicando-se o teste não paramétrico U de Mann Whitney: p≤,01. Embora o treinamento contínuo gere avanços em ambos os grupos, ao incorporar a variável TA, evidencia-se um salto significativo em relação ao grupo controle, concluindo que a assistência técnica melhora o desempenho dos profissionais de saúde que atendem ao Controle CRED, fortalecendo e aumentando sua capacidades.

Effect of different type of exercise on mitochondrial homeostasis in rats with myocardial infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigated the different effect of moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) and high-intensity interval exercise training (HIT) on ventricular remodeling and mitochondrial homeostasis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The AMI rat model was achieved by ligating coronary artery.The AMI and sham operation rats were randomly (random number) divided into four groups:sham operation group (Sham),AMI control group (AMI),AMI MCT group (AMI + M),and AMI HIT group (AMI + H).Animals in the AMI + M and AMI + H groups underwent 4 weeks MCT and HIT respectively.Five weeks after AMI,hemodynamic changes,mitochondrial bioenergetics,and PINK1,Beclinl,Mfn2,Drp1,Tfam,COXⅣ,PGC-1α were detected.Results Comparing with AMI group,in AMI + M and AMI + H groups,Beclin1,PINK1,Mfn2 and PGC-1α expression elevated significantly (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01),whereas ROS generation and Drp1 expression showed dramatic decrease (P ＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01).In addition,in AMI + H group,±dp/dt max,mitochondrial membrane potential,ATP synthesis activity,Tfam and COXⅣ expression improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Comparing with AMI + M group,in AMI + H group,± dp/dt max,PGC-1α,Tfam and COX Ⅳ expression improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HIT is superior to MCT for ameliorating ventricular remodeling and mitochondrial homeostasis after AMI.

Formação continuada de professores, educação física escolar e a cultura corporal: o pde/pr em foco / Formación continua del profesorado, educación física escolar y el cuerpo cultura: el pde/pr foco / Continuous teacher training, physical education in schools and body culture: focus on pde/pr

A formação continuada de professores vem ocupando lugar significativo nos debates educacionais brasileiros, revelando estudos e proposição de programas por parte do poder público, como o PDE/PR. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de diagnosticar, por meio da produção final dos profesores PDE/PR (2007 a 2012), a articulação dos seus estudos aos Conteúdos Estruturantes e Elementos Articuladores propostos pelas Diretrizes Curriculares/Educação Física do Estado do Paraná-Brasil, no contexto da formação continuada. O encaminhamento metodológico estruturou-se a partir da perspectiva da pesquisa documental. O diagnóstico realizado indica que os professores PDE veem se apropriando de forma parcial dos conhecimentos trabalhados pelas Diretrizes, procurando articular, de certo modo, sua prática pedagógica à referida proposta. Mesmo entendendo a contínua reformulação que o Programa recebe, ressalta-se a necessidade da vigilância sobre esta questão sob pena de não se atender as Diretrizes Curriculares propostas pelo Estado...

La formación continua del profesorado ocupa lugar importante en los debates educativos brasileños, revelando los estudios y la proposición de los programas del poder público, como la PDE / PR. El objetivo de este estudio fue diagnosticar, a través de la producción final de los profesores PDE / PR (2007-2012), la articulación de sus estudios al Contenido Estructurales y Elementos Articulares propuestos por las Directrices Curriculares de Educación Física del Estado de Paraná-Brasil en el contexto de la educación continua. La referencia metodológica se estructuró a partir de la perspectiva de la investigación documental. El diagnóstico realizado indica que los profesores PDE se apropian de manera parcial de los conocimientos trabajados por las Directrices, tratando de articular, en cierto modo, su enseñanza pedagógica a dicha propuesta. A pesar de conocer la reformulación continua que el programa recibe, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de vigilancia sobre este tema de otra manera no cumplirá con las Directrices Curriculares propuestas por el Estado...

Continuous teacher training has been emphasized in Brazilian educational debates bringing studies and approaches for public programs, such as the PDE/PR. The objective of this research was to diagnose the interaction of their studies with the Structuring Content and Organization Elements proposed by the Curricular Guidelines/Physical Education of the Paraná State-Brazil using teachers’ final production PDE/PR (2007 to 2012) in the context of continuous training. Our methodological guiding was structured on the perspective of document research. The diagnosis indicates that PDE teachers have been acquiring partial information on the knowledge approached in the Guidelines seeking to find a way to articulate their pedagogical practice to the referred proposal. Even in the position of understanding the program continuous reformulation, we highlight that this matter should be monitored in order to assure that the Curricular Guidelines proposed by the state are in practice...

Effects of Two Kinds of Treadmill Exercise on Inflammatory Mediators in 18-30 Year Old Males / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To compare the effects of short- term high- intensity interval training (HIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) on inflammatory mediators for healthy young males. Methods 19 healthy young male volunteers were randomized into HIT group (n=6), MCT group (n=7) and no training control (CON, n=6) group. The groups of HIT and MCT accepted treadmill exercise once per 2 days to 6 times (2 weeks), and the CON group did not accepted treadmill exercise. The levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL) -1α, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected 3 days before exercise, immediately after the first exercise, 3 days after the course. Results There was no difference among groups in the level of hs-CRP, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α in all the time (P>0.05). The concentration of IL-1α increased in the MCT group after the first exercise (P<0.01), and also the concentration of IL-6 in the CON group after the course (P<0.05). Conclusion It needs further srudy for the significance of HIT and MCT in the levels of inflammatory media.

Effects of Two Kinds of Treadmill Exercise on Inflammatory Mediators in 18-30 Year Old Males / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To compare the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) on inflammatory mediators for healthy young males. Methods 19 healthy young male volunteers were randomized into HIT group (n=6), MCT group (n=7) and no training control (CON, n=6) group. The groups of HIT and MCT accepted treadmill exercise once per 2 days to 6 times (2 weeks), and the CON group did not accepted treadmill exercise. The levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α) were detected 3 days before exercise, immediately after the first exercise, 3 days after the course. Results There was no difference among groups in the level of hs-CRP, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-αin all the time (P>0.05). The concentration of IL-1αincreased in the MCT group after the first exercise (P<0.01), and also the concentration of IL-6 in the CON group after the course (P<0.05). Conclusion It needs further srudy for the significance of HIT and MCT in the levels of inflammatory media.

Unidad de Microcirugía: 30 años de experiencia clínica, entrenamiento continuo e investigación / Microsurgery unit: 30 years of clinical experience, continuous training and research

Se describen 30 años de actividades clínicas, entrenamiento e investigación en dos Unidades de Microcirugía. El Servicio de Cirugía Experimental del Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) ''20 de Noviembre'' del ISSSTE y el Departamento de Cirugía de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, ambos de la Ciudad de México; participando en 121 casos clínicos resueltos con técnicas microquirúrgicas en 7 diferentes especialidades. En el ISSSTE, de 1977 a 2007, se han impartido 104 cursos de ''Microcirugía vascular'' y entrenado a 453 cirujanos y residentes de especialidades quirúrgicas. En la UNAM, de 1984 a 2007 se han entrenado 364 alumnos en 67 cursos. Desde 1979 hemos estudiado experimentalmente microprótesis vasculares de origen biológico o sintético de 1 y 2 mm de diámetro, en sustitución de segmentos de aorta y vena cava en rata, generando seis publicaciones. Desde 1996 estamos trabajando el fenómeno de ''angiogénesis'' como tratamiento de miembros inferiores con isquemia crítica. Con base en los trabajos previos, el Comité de Investigación y Ética del CMN aprobó un protocolo de investigación en pacientes con dicha patología, acumulando a la fecha 26 extremidades con trasplante de células endoteliales progenitoras, derivadas de la médula ósea, aplicadas por inyección intramuscular y por vía venosa distal a nivel de vena safena. Del 2004 al 2009 se han amputado 5 extremidades y salvamento de 21; los resultados del estudio se encuentran en evaluación para su publicación. Los hospitales con programas de formación de residentes en especialidades quirúrgicas, deben contar con laboratorio de microcirugía para entrenamiento básico, continuo y diseño de protocolos de investigación, ofreciendo a los pacientes soluciones con técnicas microquirúrgicas.

We describe 30 years of clinical, training and research activities in two Microsurgery Units. The Experimental Surgery Service of the National Medical Center ''20 de Noviembre'' from the ISSSTE (Mexican Health and Welfare Institute for government employees) and the Department of Surgery of the School of Medicine, UNAM (National Autonomous University of Mexico), both located in Mexico City, participating in 121 clinical cases resolved with microsurgical techniques in seven different specialties. At the ISSSTE, from 1977 to 2007, 104 courses on ''Vascular Microsurgery'' have been given and 453 surgeons and residents have been trained in surgical techniques. At the UNAM, from 1984 to 2007, 364 students have been trained in 67 courses. Since 1979, we have experimentally studied vascular microprostheses of biological or synthetic origin of 1 to 2 mm in diameter in substitution of aorta and cava vein segments in rats, giving rise to six publications. Since 1996, we have been studying the ''angiogenesis'' phenomenon as treatment for lower extremities with critical ischemia. Based on previous studies, the Ethics and Research Committee of the ISSSTE-Medical Center approved a research protocol in patients with that pathology, accumulating, until this date, 26 extremities with bone marrow-derived stem cells, applied through intramuscular injection and through distal venous route at the level of the saphenous vein. From 2004 to 2009, five extremities have been amputated and 21 have been saved; the results of the study are being evaluated for publication. Hospitals with programs for the training of residents in surgical specialties must have a laboratory of microsurgery for the basic and continuous training and for the design of research protocols, to be able to offer solutions to the patients with microsurgical techniques.

Entrenamiento continuo e interválico sobre el fitness cardiovascular en mujeres sedentarias / Continuos and intervalic training on cardiovascular fitness in sedentary women

Objetivo: Evaluar si el ejercicio interválico cercano al máximo de intensidad en una población de fitness similar y del mismo sexo es más efectivo que el continuo de menor intensidad para mejorar la capacidad aerobia. Metodología: Se seleccionaron diez mujeres sanas entre 18 y 25 años, habitantes habituales de la ciudad de Bogotá (2600 msnm), quienes firmaron el consentimiento informado, y se dividieron al azar en dos grupos de cinco participantes cada uno. Fueron sometidas a dos tipos tradicionales de entrenamiento de diez semanas de duración, tres veces/semana, de una hora de duración cada día. El grupo de entrenamiento continuo (grupo 1) tenía una intensidad del 60% del VO2pico y el de entrenamiento interválico (grupo 2) trabajó cinco sesiones de diez minutos de ejercicio al 70% del VO2pico y noventa segundos de recuperación entre cada sesión. Resultados: Se pudo evidenciar que, aunque las medias de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) de las participantes del entrenamiento interválico durante las sesiones de ejercicio siempre estuvieron por encima de las de entrenamiento continuo, esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. De igual manera, la FC basal y la de recuperación así como el VO2pico no tuvieron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos. La media de las presiones arterial sistólica y diastólica así como la frecuencia respiratoria (FR) siempre fueron superiores en el entrenamiento interválico, estas diferencias sí fueron significativas. Conclusiones: Se pudo concluir que no hay una diferencia significativa del fitness cardiovascular entre mujeres jóvenes sedentarias luego de diez semanas de dos tipos tradicionales de entrenamiento aerobio, uno al 60% continuo y otro al 70% interválico.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate if the intervallic exercise near to the maximum of intensity in a similar fitness population and in women is more effective to improve aerobic capacity than the continuous one of smaller intensity. In order to do it, ten healthy women between 18 and 25 years habitual inhabitants of Bogotá city (located at 2600masl) were selected. They signed the informed consent and were divided randomly in two groups of five participants. They were undergoing to two traditional types of training of ten weeks, three times per week, one hour of duration every day. The continuous training group (Group 1) had a VO2peak intensity of 60%; for his part, the intervallic training group (Group 2) had five sessions of ten minutes of exercise at 70% of VO2peak and 90 seconds of recovery between each session. It was possible to demonstrate that, although the Cardiac Frequency (CF) average of group 2 participants during the exercise sessions were always over those of group 1, this difference was not statistically significant. In the same way, the basal CF and the recovery CF, as well as the VO2peak, did not have significant differences between both groups. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure average, as well as the Respiratory Frequency (FR) were always superior in group 2, and these differences were really significant. It was possible to conclude that there is not a significant difference in cardiovascular fitness between sedentary young women, after 10 weeks of two traditional types of aerobic training, one 60% continuous and other one 70% intervalic.